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A short outline of the history
Although the Turkish carpet comes from one of the classic countries of origin, Today, he is taken in Europe hardly true.
Dieser Artikel will den reizvollen, nicht alltäglichen Teppichen aus Anatolien Aufmerksamkeit schenken und sich mit der Frage auseinandersetzen, warum er im Bewusstsein nicht nur der Europäer von heute eine nur untergeordnete Rolle spielt, ohne den Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit zu erheben.
Kaum jemand erinnert sich noch daran, dass die Europäer durch die Herrschaft des Osmanischen Reiches, die bis vor Wien reichte, nicht nur Kaffee, Kakao und Schokolade kennen lernten, sondern auch den Orientteppich.
Es waren die alttürkischen Teppiche, die den Venezianer Marco Polo, der auf seiner 1271 begonnenen Reise zum Fernen Osten die anatolischen Städte Como (Konya), Caesarea (Kayesri) and Sebastala (Sivas), touched by the "best carpets in the world" could speak. These rugs were the ones who founded the worldwide reputation of the Oriental carpet.
The oldest surviving carpet us is the famous 2,400-year-old Pazyryk carpet that was already linked with the double Turkish knot and can be admired in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.
Pazyryk detail of the carpet (Image source: Wikipedia ) The next surviving carpet fragments date from the 11th - 13. Centuries from the mosques in Konya and Beysehir, also from Turkestan, Mesopotamia and Egyptian-Coptic dam area, all linked with the Turkish dopppelten node, and to assign colors and patterns clearly Anatolia. They date from the period of Seljuk rule. The Seljuks were a Turkmen tribe of the Oghuz, which in the 9th Century their residential area east of the Aral Sea (today's Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) and 11 had by the end of the 13th Century, their rule over Persia to Anatolia stretched. The rugs from this period show such mastery and skill that one must assume that this art cultivated long before the Seljuk Turks in the Anatolian was, although not a single witness today carpet stores.
From the beginning of the 13th Century, gradually took over the Ottoman rule over Anatolia and expands them gradually over three continents.
were now prepared Anatolian carpets in court manufactory for the exclusive use of the sultans and the nobility. These finest carpets were used as gifts, to make connections (not only) European countries or to restore to forge alliances or renew to honor kings, princes and members of the aristocracy. In this way, European royal houses were first with the Eastern, was purely Turkish rugs in contact.
by dealers in Florence and Genoa, these carpets were as extraordinary examples of harmony in color and ornamentation input into other European noble houses. It was soon to "good form" at least a Turkish carpet to call his own, if not an entire collection. The princes had their carpets like in the paintings of the 14th to 16 Century-is and put on display. Particularly well known are the Darstllungen by Holbein the Younger, Lotto, Hans Memling, Van Eyck and so on. The carpets are agbebildeten of these artists through their patterns and colors clearly recognized as Anatolian carpets - and the paintings to this day are used to classify ancient Anatolian carpets from this period.
"The Ambassadors (Holbein 1533) (source: Wikipedia)
section of the land under tablecloth carpet of" The Messenger "( Holbein 1533) (source: Wikipedia)
From the beginning of the 13th Century, gradually took over the Ottoman rule over Anatolia and expands them gradually over three continents.
were now prepared Anatolian carpets in court manufactory for the exclusive use of the sultans and the nobility. These finest carpets were used as gifts, to make connections (not only) European countries or to restore to forge alliances or renew to honor kings, princes and members of the aristocracy. In this way, European royal houses were first with the Eastern, was purely Turkish rugs in contact.
by dealers in Florence and Genoa, these carpets were as extraordinary examples of harmony in color and ornamentation input into other European noble houses. It was soon to "good form" at least a Turkish carpet to call his own, if not an entire collection. The princes had their carpets like in the paintings of the 14th to 16 Century-is and put on display. Particularly well known are the Darstllungen by Holbein the Younger, Lotto, Hans Memling, Van Eyck and so on. The carpets are agbebildeten of these artists through their patterns and colors clearly recognized as Anatolian carpets - and the paintings to this day are used to classify ancient Anatolian carpets from this period.
"The Ambassadors (Holbein 1533) (source: Wikipedia) 
section of the land under tablecloth carpet of" The Messenger "( Holbein 1533) (source: Wikipedia)
left after the Battle of Vienna in 1683 the Turks find their tents and many of its wonderful carpets back. Thus there were now so many Turkish rugs that also the citizens were allowed to possess them. Through this event, the demand for Turkish carpets in Europe continues. At that time the Turkish carpets of the essence of the Oriental carpet. This should also
to 19 Century remain.
Before we deal with the decline of the importance of Turkish carpets in Europe (and in the world) deal, here's a little slot on the differences between the still prevailing Persian (and Pakistani and Indian) Oriental carpet - and the Turkish carpet , to experience the Renaissance in Europe, we for some time.
The Persian carpet is no different from the Turkish only by the great link with the looser and easier to untie be Persian asymmetrical, simple or Senneh nodes:
Copyright drawing : Dania Calderin
in contrast to the very durable Turkish symmetrical, double or Gördes node :
drawing Copyright: Dania Calderin
but also in the pattern.
The reason for the differences in the pattern is in the representation of Islam ban. As the Persians belong to the Shia Islam, is handled with them a little more relaxed this ban, which leads to the familiar curved, long-winded, floral and animal patterns. The
are the almost severe, but more and on a symmetry axis mirrored geometric, stylized patterns of the Sunni Turks, who descended from the East Asian Turkic peoples and show their geometric patterns already in the kilims of the nomads. Nevertheless, they have by their symmetry and The warm colors never cold.
An exception is the Turkish palace carpets of the 19th Century, inspired by the Persian patterns, because at that time at the Ottoman court ruled just the Persian fashion. " By the conquest and domination over Persia in the 16th Century, by the end of the 17th Century continued, the Turks had come into contact with these patterns, have adopted parts of it and "osmanisiert.
This led to a more curly and more naturalistic version of the patterns, especially the palace carpets that have been specially designed for use in court and in the Aristrokratie and yet, the Turkish character not only in the colors maintained. Very nice it is I in the patterns of the Sultan Abdülmecid shows that from 1844 could make the carpets for his Dolmabahce Palace in Hereke.
to 19 Century remain.
Before we deal with the decline of the importance of Turkish carpets in Europe (and in the world) deal, here's a little slot on the differences between the still prevailing Persian (and Pakistani and Indian) Oriental carpet - and the Turkish carpet , to experience the Renaissance in Europe, we for some time.
The Persian carpet is no different from the Turkish only by the great link with the looser and easier to untie be Persian asymmetrical, simple or Senneh nodes:
Copyright drawing : Dania Calderin
in contrast to the very durable Turkish symmetrical, double or Gördes node :
drawing Copyright: Dania Calderin
but also in the pattern.
The reason for the differences in the pattern is in the representation of Islam ban. As the Persians belong to the Shia Islam, is handled with them a little more relaxed this ban, which leads to the familiar curved, long-winded, floral and animal patterns. The
are the almost severe, but more and on a symmetry axis mirrored geometric, stylized patterns of the Sunni Turks, who descended from the East Asian Turkic peoples and show their geometric patterns already in the kilims of the nomads. Nevertheless, they have by their symmetry and The warm colors never cold.
An exception is the Turkish palace carpets of the 19th Century, inspired by the Persian patterns, because at that time at the Ottoman court ruled just the Persian fashion. " By the conquest and domination over Persia in the 16th Century, by the end of the 17th Century continued, the Turks had come into contact with these patterns, have adopted parts of it and "osmanisiert.
This led to a more curly and more naturalistic version of the patterns, especially the palace carpets that have been specially designed for use in court and in the Aristrokratie and yet, the Turkish character not only in the colors maintained. Very nice it is I in the patterns of the Sultan Abdülmecid shows that from 1844 could make the carpets for his Dolmabahce Palace in Hereke.
Hereke silk carpet with Ottoman patterns (medallions with birds of paradise) from our collection
the same period, flooded the British, the European market by a major marketing strategy during the world exhibitions of 1851 and 1873 in Vienna with Persian carpets. This led to an increased demand for carpets from Persia and the date in Europe dominant Turkish carpet disappeared from the consciousness of people. The increasing demand for Persian rugs, especially from the emerging middle classes of the English of Swiss origin Ziegler had the idea to leave the rugs to machine and produce industiell directly in Persia. By decreasing due to the mass production rates, demand for Persian rugs has been further fueled. This meant that the existing in Persia wool had to be imported for tying the carpet was no longer sufficient and Great Britain. Such an approach was possible because it ruled on the basis of the de facto protectorate of the British in Persia at this time (the British over the southern Persia while he Ghadjaren Dynasty from 1779 - 1924) was no input or export restrictions or tariffs. That was the ultimate payment decline of Turkish carpets in Europe and the beginning of the preponderance of the Persian carpets. The colonial rule of Great Britain, among other things about India and Pakistan, the patterns and production methods from Persia were exported there. So to the Persian came the Indian and Pakistani rugs - all with Persian patterns and the Persian knot tied, the specific taste of the Europeans in the last 150 years.
The Turkish carpet is now a carpet of lovers and art connoisseurs - und wir wünschen ihm die Aufmerksamkeit im Bewusstsein der Menschen dieser Erde, der ihm durch seine Jahrtausende alte Geschichte gebührt.
Der osmanische Sultan Abdülmecid I. ließ ab 1843 den Dolmabahce Palast (türkisch: Dolmabahce Sarayi - "Palast der aufgeschütteten Gärten") errichten. Um die Polsterstoffe, Gardinen, Wandverkleidungen und Teppiche für diesen Palast der Superlative herzustellen, gründete er die Manufaktur in Hereke. Die hier versammelten besten Knüpfmeister und Designer ermöglichten es, feinste Teppiche mit bisher nie da gewesenen Mustern, in ungewöhnlichen Größen und vollkommener Harmonie zu schaffen.
The Turkish carpet is now a carpet of lovers and art connoisseurs - und wir wünschen ihm die Aufmerksamkeit im Bewusstsein der Menschen dieser Erde, der ihm durch seine Jahrtausende alte Geschichte gebührt.
Der osmanische Sultan Abdülmecid I. ließ ab 1843 den Dolmabahce Palast (türkisch: Dolmabahce Sarayi - "Palast der aufgeschütteten Gärten") errichten. Um die Polsterstoffe, Gardinen, Wandverkleidungen und Teppiche für diesen Palast der Superlative herzustellen, gründete er die Manufaktur in Hereke. Die hier versammelten besten Knüpfmeister und Designer ermöglichten es, feinste Teppiche mit bisher nie da gewesenen Mustern, in ungewöhnlichen Größen und vollkommener Harmonie zu schaffen.
example of a Hereke carpet in the "Hall of Ambassadors" in the Dolmabahce Palace. (Image source: Wikipedia )
The Dolmabahce Palace and the circulating 4454 m² magnificent finest carpets from Hereke still attest to the ambitious plans of the young sultan, on the skills and the skills of architects, artists and craftsmen of the time.
The "Schatztor" of the Dolmabahce Palace
The Dolmabahce Palace and the circulating 4454 m² magnificent finest carpets from Hereke still attest to the ambitious plans of the young sultan, on the skills and the skills of architects, artists and craftsmen of the time.
The "Schatztor" of the Dolmabahce Palace Copyright of the text: Solveigh Calderin (Cal)
