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Temple Israel

The Hebrews had settled on the official understanding the Bible, or the Deuteronomic school, only one legitimate temple. First, the tent-temple which had accompanied the people since the appearance of God at Sinai and later located in Hebron, then was in Shiloh. At the time of Babylonian captivity, established itself among the Samaritans the sanctuary on Mount Gerizim near Shechem as a replacement for the destroyed Temple.

The tent-temple (tabernacle, tabernacle)

The tent-temple has many different names such as translations of the Bible Tabernacle or tent of meeting ". In the Bible he is called "tent of meeting." This temple was used by the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness and by the time of King David as a sanctuary. First, he was carried along on the walks, and later he was located in Shiloh, about half the land of Israel. After David had Jerusalem from the Jebusites (= people of the Middle East Canaanite tribe) conquered and made capital of Israel, he left the temple tent dorthin bringen. Später wurde es möglicherweise in zerlegter Form salomonischen Tempel aufbewahrt; spätestens mit der Zerstörung dieses Tempels ging es verloren.
Die Größenangaben sind in der Bibel in Ellen angegeben, deren heutige Entsprechung zwischen 45 cm und 52,5 cm liegen kann. Nach der biblischen Beschreibung war die Stiftshütte 30 Ellen lang, 10 Ellen hoch und 10 Ellen breit. Im Inneren befand sich das Allerheiligste Kodesh HaKodashim (קדש הקדשים wörtlich "das Heiligende der Heiligtümer"), wahrscheinlich ein Würfel mit 10 Ellen Kantenlänge. Daneben war das Heilige, das zweimal länger als breit war. Die Konstruktion bestand aus Fachwerkrahmen, welcher with gold plated acacia wood was made. That framework linen blankets were hanged, were embroidered on the colorful cherubs (winged mythical creatures in the Old Testament). The transition to the Holy Blessed with such a ceiling was screened, since only the high priest once a year on Yom Kippur (Jewish Day of Atonement =) was allowed to enter the Holy of Holies. On the linen Blankets were made of goat hair, it rams' skins dyed red blankets and blankets to finally seal skins (or Seekuhfellen, the exact translation of the Hebrew word is now tahasch not known).
At the entrance to the holy five were coated with gold Columns.
The tabernacle was surrounded by an outer court, which measured 100 by 50 cubits, and the outside she was surrounded by a 5 cubits high fence, which was held with copper pillars.
stood in the Holy of Holies on the ark (= containing the stone tablets with the Ten Commandments) two cherubim. The Saints were the golden candlestick, the golden altar of incense, the table of showbread and gold devices. In the courtyard stood the altar of burnt offering and a copper basin, which was filled with water for washing the priest.
Some researchers argue that some details in the description of the tent-temple and its ceremonies in fact come from the later stone temple, and only later the tent-temple were settled.

The Solomonic Temple

The first permanent temple (Solomon's temple), construction of Solomon since 957 BC - 951 BC-ordination built on Mount Moriah in Jerusalem with the help of Phoenician builder was a stone building of 60 cubits long, 20 cubits wide and 30 cubits high, surrounded on three sides with side rooms, which, in three floors with each other, to preserve the treasures of the temple and equipment were used. The input side was preceded by a porch 10 cubits wide, what are two bronze columns Standen, Jachin and Boaz ("strength and power") who had no structural function, sondern den Eingang zur Vorhalle flankierten. Wie in der Antike üblich befand sich der Eingang im Osten und das Allerheiligste im Westen.
Das Innere enthielt einen 40 Ellen langen Vorderraum, das Heilige, worin die goldenen Leuchter, der Schaubrottisch und der Räucheraltar standen, und einen durch einen Vorhang davon geschiedenen quadratischen Hinterraum von 20 Ellen Länge, das Allerheiligste, mit der Bundeslade und den zwei großen Cherubim. Beide Räume waren an den Wänden, das Allerheiligste (Adyton) auch am Boden und an der Decke mit Holzwerk getäfelt. Der große Hauptaltar für die Brandopfer stand im Hof, vor dem Eingang des eigentlichen Tempels.
Man geht heute allgemein davon aus, dass das Heilige nur den Was accessible to priests, the Holy of Holies could only the High Priest once a year to enter the JomKippur.
The temple building was surrounded by an inner court of the priests with the altar of burnt offering, the purification tanks and other equipment, and that determined by colonnades with bronze gates of the people and for the outer court surrounded by a wall separated.

The Zerubbabel and the Temple of Herod

After Solomon's Temple was destroyed in 586 BC by Nebuchadnezzar II (= king of Babylon), rose in his place a few decades after the return of the Jews the Babylonian Captivity of the second, after Zerubbabel (governor of the province of Judah) designated the temple. Although he was probably built in the same place and in the rough, even after the plan of the first and completed 516 BC, but he was not as magnificent as its predecessor. The Holy of Holies was empty now, as the ark was no longer available. profaned by Antiochus IV Epiphanes (= king of the dynasty of the Seleucids) 169 BC, was the temple by Judas Maccabaeus (= Jewish freedom fighters of the 2nd century BC) restored and secured militarily.
Under Herod the Great began for 21 v.Chr.eine complete transformation of the temple in great scale in the Greek style (Hence the Herodian temple). This temple was long after Flavius Josephus (Jewish = commander) a stadium (between 185 to 200 m) and a stadium wide. In the Jewish-Roman war in 70, the temple was the last bulwark of the Jews and was finally destroyed. Some historians believe that the Jews themselves set fire to the temple to prevent its desecration. From the Wailing Wall is now thought that she was the only part of the Western Wall of Herod built the Temple Mount system.
on the Temple Mount was then first a Roman Temple of Jupiter, and then a Christian church. Under the Roman Emperor Julian the Apostate, there was an attempt of the Jewish temple to build again. He planned to rebuild 363 in Jerusalem, but this was then set aside in favor of the Persian campaign, and never realized. Page 691 stand on the temple site of the Islamic Dome of the Rock and 705/715 for the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Strictly Orthodox Jews do not enter the Temple Mount for fear that there unwittingly enter the holy of holies, where was the ark.

plans for new construction

For decades, there are plans for new construction of the temple. These will be promoted mainly by a small group of non-Sephardic rabbi, but by most of the Israeli population and important rabbis (= Jewish scribe) rejected. The new construction of the temple would require the demolition of the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque.

(Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelitischer_Tempel )

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The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 7 (1-23)



(white doves -> Peace)







<--Symbole des Christentums



(cross)




















(Kronleuchter)










<--Symbole des Judentums (Davidstern)








<-- Jude mit traditioneller Kopfbedeckung










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The Gospel according to Mark, Chapter 7 (1-23)

1 The Pharisees and some scribes who had come from Jerusalem, held on to Jesus.

2 saw that some of his disciples their bread with impure, that is eating with unwashed hands.

3 The Pharisees namely, how to eat all the Jews only if they have been washed with a handful of water, the hands, as required by the tradition of the elders.

4 Even if the market come, they eat without washing first. Many other traditional rules to keep them, as the washing of cups, jugs and kettles.

5 The Pharisees and the scribes asked him: why keep your disciples not to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with impure hands?

6 He said to them: The prophet Isaiah was right with what he said about you hypocrites: This people honors me with their lips, his heart is far away from me.

7 It is meaningless as they worship me, they teach are human precepts.

8 Your price give the command of God and keep to the tradition of the people.

9 And again Jesus said: Very cleverly uses her God's command out of power and keep to your own tradition.

10 Moses said, for example: Honor thy father and thy mother, and: who cursed father or mother shall be put to death.

11 My but teaches: It is permissible for a man says to his father or his mother: What do I owe you is Corban, that is, an offering

12 This it prevents him something for his father or mother . do

13 Thus it is through your own tradition, God's word out of power. And it is similar in many cases.

14 Then he called people came to him and said, Hear me all and understand what I say

15 Nothing that enters from outside a man can make him unclean, but what comes out of the man that makes him unclean.

16/17 He left the crowd and went into a house. As his disciples asked him about the meaning of this mysterious word.

18 He answered them, does not understand too? Do you not one, that what goes in from the outside in the man, it can not defile

19 For there's not get into his heart, but in the stomach and is excreted. Thus he declared all foods clean.

said 20 Next He: What comes out of a man is what defiles a man.

21 For from within, out of men's hearts, come evil thoughts, fornication, theft, murder, adultery, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, envy, slander, arrogance and foolishness.

23All these evil things come from within and defile a man.


comment by Antonia Keßelring

The pericope head in Mark's Gospel to a whole series of stories about where deals Jesus and the calling of the Gentiles, and at the same time separated completely from the Pharisees and the scribes of his people. The author of the Gospel is a Christian and Heath writes for a community of Gentile Christians. Therefore, he and his congregation on the clarification of these issues a special interest: are they that used to Gentiles and to know the Jewish law, not against the Jews, Christians, something like "Christians second-class" Who are the Pharisees and scribes? The Judaism of Jesus' time was a diverse religious landscape in which it so was pretty much it. One

all had in common: In the center of the faith was the Temple in Jerusalem. This is meant not only metaphorically, but quite tangible: On high festival days he was the target of Jewish pilgrims from all over the Mediterranean. There was brought to his victims dar. Under the Roman domination The temple was a symbol of the identity of the Judentums.Davon now moves the renewal movement of the Pharisees from a little and put more emphasis on the observance of religious laws and social rules from the Old Testament. It is by no means blind obedience to them: for hours debating and arguing representatives of various schools of Pharisaic heavily on the interpretation of individual provisions.


What instructions are adhered to? Which are secondary? When that law can be ignored? What the general is the top priority, according to which all others will be be judged? Jesus also deals with these issues. His attitude is to the Jewish law, a very hypocritical, no matter what may have been said later. The bid must be discussed emotional and overflowing, and Jesus takes a stand and defend it vigorously. He discussed in Mark 12:28-34 about which is the highest priority - and comes across very well received a scribe!

Another example is the present pericope, which is concerned to comply with some dietary laws. argues that Jesus and the Pharisees about the Torah, that is not a sign of hostility, but rather shows how much he has with them hat.Was separates them is on a different level. The Pharisees strong efforts to their ritual purity. Be careful not to violate food laws and other ritual commandments, such as fasting on certain days and circumcision.

Such ritual rules that exist in every religion, regulate, not the human community, but serve to preserve the religious identity: Who are these rules, often from outside are not reasonable, observed, differs from the others and professes to be a member of the Jewish / Christian / Hindu religion. For a small religious group in the middle of a powerful, much more impressive foreign culture to help those rules to distinguish themselves from other religions. In this situation, Judaism in the ancient Near East has always been and it is also the time of Jesus. Therefore, these ritual commandments no laughing laborious task, but guarantee the survival of Judaism and the Yahweh religion in the superior Hellenistic culture.

The Pharisees are so concerned about purity. This also means that they do differ distinguish strict and, not only of other faiths (the Gentiles), but also of Jews who have rendered "unclean" by their way of life: tax collectors, prostitutes, thieves, lepers and sinners in general. Of these people, they stay away because they think this impurity for contagious: The contact with these "outcasts" defile. It is now radically different Jesus from the Pharisees. He lives without that line, and knows no fear. As we learn from this pericope is that with the fact that he re-interpreted what you have meant by pure and impure. From other passages we learn: The fair, which places Jesus especially in dealing with the "unclean" outcasts of the day, free, and changed it. It is contagious. And she brings in all, Jews and Gentiles, Pharisees and tax collectors.

Source:
http://www.redemptoristen.at/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=776&menuid=38

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common - misinterpretations - differences between Christians and Jews
(Katharina Strobl, Nicola Schneider, Bastian Spiegelberg, Mark Rozek)

differences between the two religions arise in that different religious adherents think they know best what their religion teaches. If the opinions are very different, it can happen giving rise to new religions. So it was, for example when Christianity split off from Judaism. You could not then agree on whether Jesus was the Messiah or not. There are also fewer deep divisions within a religion. The groups are called denominations. Great religions share almost always in different denominations.

similarities : were first separated as church and state, Jews and Christians had more freedom to be exactly the way Jews and Christians, they wanted to be. Christianity and Islam are both from Judaism emerged .

Judaism : In Judaism, there are four different faiths, is referred to as movements not of denominations: Orthodox Judaism, Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism und das rekonstruktionistische Judentum. Das Judentum lehrt, dass wir zu Gott beten und ihm für seine Wohltaten gegenüber danken.Das Judentum ist mit seinen rund 12 Millionen Anhängern im Vergleich zu den Christen (2 Milliarden) eien relativ kleine Religion.


Christentum: Das Christentum ist mit rund 2 Milliarden Anhängern die größte Religion der Erde. Die Anhänger des Christentums ehren Gott indem sie aus der Bibel lesen.Das Christentum ist eine monotheistische , gestiftete und missionierende Religion. Ihre Wurzeln liegen im Judentum, in Palästina, zur Zeit der römischen Herrschaft zu Beginn des 1. Jahrhunderts. Das Christentum geht zurück auf die Anhänger eines jüdischen Wanderpredigers namens Jesus von Nazaret. Jesus wird von den Christen als der Christus (der Gesalbte), also der jüdische Messias , verehrt sowie als der Mensch gewordene Sohn Gottes.

Fehldeutungen : Oftmals wird fälschlicherweise der Name Judenstern für das Wahrzeichen der Juden verwendet, obwohl es eigentlich Davidsstern heissen müsste. Viele Menschen denken auch dass Juden und Christen aus der Bibel lesen, obwohl die Juden aus der Thora lesen und die Christen aus der Bibel.

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Jerusalem – Die umkämpfte heilige Stadt

Jerusalem heute

Jerusalem ist eine bunte Mischung mehrerer Kulturen und Nationalitäten, eine Mischung aus Alt und Neu. Rund 630.000 Menschen leben heute in Israels Hauptstadt. Die größte Stadt des Landes ist Sitz der israelischen Regierung, des Obersten Gerichtshofes, der Ministerien und des Oberrabbinats. Neben der Nationalbibliothek befindet sich hier auch die Gedenkstätte an den Holocaust, Yad Vashem. Die Altstadt Jerusalems bes teht aus einem arabischen, one Jewish, one Armenian and Christian quarters.





Jerusalem yesterday

2500, BC Jerusalem was first mentioned on a clay tablet.
conquered in 1004 BC David the city, "Zion", King Solomon built around 930 BC, the first temple
586 BC . The Babylonians destroy Jerusalem, and hence the temple.
return 70 years later, Jews returned from exile and grow the same place the second Temple.
70 AD After a revolt against Roman rule of the Temple and Jerusalem by Emperor Titus destroyed completely.
136 AD The Roman emperor Hadrian built on the ruins of the Colonia Aelia Capitolina. The Jews is forbidden under pain of death to enter the area.
335 Jerusalem by Constantine the Great Christian.
638 The Caliph Omar conquered Jerusalem I. In the following years is built on the site of the Temple of the Dome of the Rock. In addition, the El-Aqsa mosque is built.
1099 The Crusaders occupy Jerusalem.
1187 Under Saladin the Great f ällt the city back to the Muslims.
1517 conquered, the Turkish Sultan Selim I the city.
1855 The first Jewish settlement outside the city walls will be built.
1917 The British conquer Jerusalem.
1948 The State Israel is founded.
After the 1949 Israeli-Arab war divided the city. The old town with the wailing wall is under Jordanian administration.
1967 In the Six-Day War, Israel captured the Old City of Jerusalem back. The city is declared "eternal capital of Israel." But the Palestinians claim the city continues. East Jerusalem should be capital and seat of government of a future Palestinian state.


importance of Jerusalem for Christians

For Christianity, Jerusalem is the place of activity of Jesus. Here he lived and where he preached . Here he was crucified, and here he is risen. pilgrimage for centuries Christians from around the world to the holy places, like the Holy Sepulchre (in this case, Jesus was laid to rest), the garden of Gethsemane (where he was betrayed by Judas), the site of the Last Supper or the Via Dolorosa with the 14 stations of the Cross. The Bible mentions Jerusalem 656 times is.


importance of Jerusalem to Muslims

addition to Mecca and Medina is the old city of Jerusalem is the third largest sanctuary of Islam. Here is the Temple Mount, the "farthest place of worship" (Arabic: Masjid al-Aqsa), ascended from which the Prophet Muhammad to heaven. Mohammed initially ordered the faithful to the look to turn in prayer towards Jerusalem, until later he appointed as a prayer toward Mecca.

importance of Jerusalem to Jews

For Jews Jerusalem is the center of the Jewish faith. Ren For 300 years, the city focus of Jewish prayer. It was during this temple and settlements and resided here the Jewish kings. Since the 60s of the 20th Century Jerusalem as its "eternal capital of Israel" not only the indivisible religious center but also the political center of Israel. On Passover, one of the highest Jewish holidays, greets you with "Shana-le ha-ba 'a be-ha Irushalajim -benuja "(The next . Year in Jerusalem) "

Source:
http://www.br-online.de

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S ynagoge and church: From the pursuit for fraternal coexistence -
A loaded by controversy and rejection history

Where was God in Auschwitz?

This question is since the Third Reich repeatedly made by Jews. There are several answers. A place like this is in the diary of Eli Wiesel:

in the concentration camp, two men and a boy hanged from a gallows, because something forbidden had done. The prison inmates had to watch this with. Eli Wiesel heard a man behind him asked, "Where is God?" Then the prisoners had to do other things and come back after some time the gallows. The two heavy men were already dead, but the slight boy was still fighting a death struggle. Eli Wiesel again heard the man ask, "Where is God? ? Where is he "Then Wiesel heard a voice within himself:" There - there he is! On the gallows! "

Other people think that you do not have to ask where God was in Auschwitz, but where were the good people that would have prevented this accident.

The Passion of the Jew

In ancient times, Jews were persecuted, for example, the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. This was also because the Jews refused to accept any other religion. In the Middle Ages, Jews were persecuted or zwangsgetauft. Often Jews were also blamed for disasters and epidemics. After the French Revolution were everywhere in Europe, anti-Semitic movements. Since Jews were now defined as a race they were affected by racism, which resulted mainly in the Third Reich to systematic killing Jews, the Holocaust. After 1945 the Jews were looking for an independent state, which led to the founding of Israel to this day conflicts in the Middle East. As the witnesses are slowly dying and the Holocaust is only mentioned in history books, takes anti-Semitism in Europe again.

Even in the Bible there are slight anti-Semitic statements by some evangelists.

indicated in the following passage the writer points out that the Jews were to blame for the crucifixion of Jesus and attempts by them to define:

Matthew, 17, 15-26
15 On the feast was the governor of the habit release unto the people a prisoner, whom they would. 16 They had but at the time a notorious prisoner, called Jesus Barabbas. 17 And they gathered as were, Pilate said to them: What do you want? Who should I release unto you, Jesus Barabbas or Jesus is said by that, he is the Christ? 18 For he knew that they had delivered him for envy. 19 And as he sat on the bench, his wife sent to him and saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just because I have suffered much because of him in a dream. 20 But the chief priests and elders persuaded the people that they ask for Barabbas, but should kill Jesus. 21 Then began the governor said to them: What do you want? Which of the two should I release unto you? They said, Barabbas! 22 Pilate said unto them, What shall I do with Jesus, from the said is that he is the Christ? They all said: Let him be crucified! 23 He said, however: What has he done wrong? They screamed even more: Let him be crucified! 24 When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but the tumult grew, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, "I am innocent of his blood, to see her! 25 Then all the people answered and said, His blood be on us and our children! 26 Then he gave them Barabbas go, but Jesus he scourged and delivered him that he be crucified.

In The Diaspora of the Jewish diaspora understood to the rounds of Jewish and living in different countries because they do not have their own state. From 70 AD, the Jews migrated from Africa to Europe, but was expelled by the Crusades and pogroms in Eastern Europe. When they were there, suppressed and persecuted by the Czar many fled to Palestine or America. Still lives there today a majority of all Jews.

image sources: www.leksikon.org / images / auschwitz.jpg

www.humboldt.edu / ... / images / jewish.jpg

Text Sources: Wikipedia, Diaspora, the history of suffering of the Jews, Where was God in Auschwitz)

(John Thiele, Florian Tielke, Dennis Suschka, Jessica Thompson)

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Quelle: http://www.judentum-projekt.de/geschichte/altertum/altisrael/index.html


Jahwe, der Bundesgott seines Volkes

Seit über 4000 Jahren glauben die Juden das Gott nah bei den Menschen ist, ihnen Mut macht und hilft. Das Judentum ist eine beständige Religion im Gegensatz zu den anderen Religionen, die bereits untergegangen sind. In dieser langen Zeit hat sich einen enge Bindung zwischen Gott und den Juden aufgebaut, so dass sie heute noch an die Gebote, die ihnen Gott vor tausenden von Jahren gegeben hat, glauben. Der Ursprung der Verbindung fand am Berg Sinai statt, concluded as the God Yahweh 4,000 years ago with them through the words "I AM THAT I AM DA" a covenant. In this covenant, God declares that he is accessible at any time for them and assisting them in every situation. Through this covenant, he frees his people. In return, he expects the faith of the 10 commandments. The proof that God has fulfilled his part of the bargain, you can see by the fact that he, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob actually "flowing with milk and honey" and many descendants a country, where hat.Ebenfalls the exodus from Egypt when he has freed his people from captivity. Therefore, every Jew today knows that we can rely on the Lord. Them to remember the Jews Each year at Passover.

Source: Werner Wiater (ed.), mark C. life, faith, learning, Donauwörth 1996

Different situations in which God shows his people and helps:
antiquity:
The son of Abraham, Isaac is very important to Judaism. While his other son, Ishmael, was blown up with his mother in the desert (Gen. 21:14), God forced Abraham now his only beloved son Isaac to sacrifice, (Gen.22, 2). As seen in the very first picture above, this statement, as Abraham was willing to do, resolved because it should only serve as proof of his obedience to God (Gen.22, 11). After the death of his wife bought Abraham to bury a property in today's city of Hebron for her, other family members were buried there, such as Isaac, so this place is a sacred site for Jews.

image above
Isaak.Der angel prevents Abraham and Abraham in the sacrifice of Isaac. Paintings by Rembrandt, 1635.

people with God's help AuEbenfalls szug from Egypt and is always
for his people there:
Moses was careful as the Sharp seemed to him an angel in the form of a bush fire. This bush is not burnt and therefore was aware of Moses and God gave him his task. He should be people of Israel from captivity in order to lead a country by "flowing with milk and honey". He returned to Egypt and assumed the task, because God promised him him to be . Moses asked his brother Aaron to Pharaoh to liberate the people of Israel for a few days so it could worship God. When Pharaoh refused, this God sent him out of anger ten plagues. Pharaoh decided to draw the people of Israel out of Egypt lassen.Beim by the Red Sea was the people of Moses and God on the day in the form of a cloud and at night as a Feuersäule als Wegweiser vor ihnen zog ,geführt . Als der Pharao seine Entscheidung bereut hatte und er die Israeliten verfolgte um sie wieder in Gefangenschaft zu nehmen, bekamen diese Angst, da ihn auf dem Weg durch die Wüste das Meer den Weg versperrte . Deshalb betete Mose zu Gott . Als Folge reckte Mose seine Hand und das Meer teilte sich, wie es ihm Gott gesagt hatte .Als die Juden auf der anderen Seite des Meeres in Sicherheit waren ,ließ Mose mit der selben Handbewegung das Meer wieder zusammen fließen ,dadurch ertranken die Ägypter ihm Meer. Als sich das Volk auf ihrem Weg über Hunger und Durst beschwerte und Mose dafür verantwortlich machte, da er sie in dieses Elend had done, he said to God . This heard the accusation and rained down manna, a kind of bread. On the way further into the wilderness of Sin, they lamented the lack of water and again God helped his people and read, when Moses struck with a stick on a rock flow, water from it.

We see that God helps his people and this creates a close bond.

was God, but also sometimes angry with his people.


God but was often angry with his people as Moses on Mount Sinai, was poured Aaron a calf of gold, so that the people could worship it, since they no longer believed in the return of Moses. Because of this idolatry, which was a sin, was God on his people so angry that he wanted to destroy it . Moses could sizing God. When he came back from the mountain itself but he was so by the sight of people dancing around the calf's horrified that he smashed the tablets.

Moses was military leader, and they had on their migration and wars against other nations lead to them blocking their way. When Moses got new tablets of God told him that his sons until the promised land of Canaan thus be obtained. When they were in front of Canaan were rumors of the spies Moses, which should spy out the land distributed, so the people got scared and are taking the country no longer wanted. Then they wanted to sell Moses and his brother. God was angry because his back on his people and then tried sizing him to Moses. This attempt failed, and therefore the people had to move on their journey through the desert. Since they had to turn back so close to their destination, some were so upset that she wanted to end Moses rule. God was outraged and let them die rebels.

We see that God always on their way accompanied, but there were also difficulties.

The Jews stop in emergency situations to God :


the time of the Crusades in the Godfrey called by Bouillonsb, first the blood of Christ in their own country to revenge, it came in Mainz in 1906 to a massacre of the Jewish residents, who were hiding in their patron, the Bishop of Mainz. This protected them but not before the Crusaders. The Jewish chronicler Ephram bar Jacob said: " All were in the courtyard of the bishop as the enemy came upon them and criminal infants and women, boys and old men killed in a day. It was a cruel people who did not care for old people and children, not for small children and infants and do not pity the pregnant woman who stood before the birth. They had no pity, not until all were killed. For all the Jews decided to kill in honor of God himself. When the enemy came, they all cried in a loud voice and one mind, the "Listen-Israel' prayer ..."

zBauch in the 15th century :
As the Jews in the 15th century forced neighborhoods they were assigned were still holding onto their faith How in her can see everyday life through the little book of devotion.
"... holding the books in high esteem ..." Be temperate in drinking ... looking to meet all you need, what is written in the Five Books of Moses, the Prophets and the Writings on the ... Serve God precise and spare no money is lent to you a non-Jew in good faith and he forgot it, so remember him and pay him ...". .




Source: http://www.judentum-projekt.de/geschichte/index.html


text to Documents:

Ex 19, 2-6

you were broken up by Rephidim and came into the Sinai desert. They hit in the desert camp. Israel encamped there opposite the mountain.
Moses went up to God. Since the Lord called to him from the mountain: and you shall say to the house of Jacob and proclaim to the Israelites:
You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, how I bare you on eagles' wings and brought you to me.
But now, when you hear my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my own possession among all peoples. I own the whole earth, but you shall
me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. The are the words that you shall tell the Israelites.
Moses went and summoned the elders of the people. He presented them all that the Lord had commanded him.
All the people answered with one voice and said, All that the Lord has spoken we will do. Moses brought to the Lord, the answer of the people.
The Lord said to Moses: I will come to you in a thick cloud, and the people will hear it when I talk to you so that they also believe in you forever. Since the Lord told Moses what the people had said.

Comment: God says, if they listen to the 10 commandments, they will own people and thus a holy nation

Deuteronomy 6, 1-9

And that is the order, these are the laws and regulations, which I will teach you on behalf of the Lord your God, and ye shall hold in the country to which it moves over to it to take possession.
If loving the Lord your God with fear, adding it to all its laws and commandments which I command you, all your life sure you, your son and your grandson, you'll live long.
Therefore, Israel shall hear you and make sure (all that the Lord our God has told me) maintained so that it goes well with you and her so vast will many as the Lord, the God of your Fathers, you have promised in the land of milk and honey flow.
Hear, O Israel! Lord our God, Yahweh is One.
and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.
These words, which I command you today shall be upon your hearts.
Thou shalt to your children. Thou shalt talk of them when you sit at home and when you walk down the street when you lie down and when you rise.
You shall bind as a sign to the wrist. They should become a jewelry on your forehead.
You shall write on the doorposts of your house and your gates.

Comment: The words which God Jews have been, are the 10 commandments that every one of them at any time, anywhere and should have spread with them in order to express the love for them. A contemporary example is to look like the following picture.


(The picture is based on the words "You shall bind them as a sign of the wrist" in Deuteronomy, the Jews have the 6.1 to 9 in the act . put the boy in the picture is in front of his bar mitzvah tied a Tephelin and in this box are the 10 Commandments and more, as the Shema Israel, written on scrolls contain)

source of the image. http://www .judentum-projekt.de/images/53376296f108cc60acols2.jpg
made by Samantha Biegler, marta borucinska, and Larissa Boeck fabian Dupp.

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THE JEWISH CALENDAR (lunar-solar calendar)

- the months after the moon addressed

- have the first 6 days a week, no name,

- - the year is directed toward the sun

they> after the first 6 letters of the Hebrew alphabet named

- the seventh day is called Sabbath

- the Jewish year has 353 to 355 days

- every 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th 19 Year is a leap year (13 months);

hot this month:

Tishri - September / October (30 days)

Cheshvan (Marche Swan) - October / November (29 days or 30 days as a leap month)
Kislev - November / December ( 29 days or 30 days as a leap month)

Tevet - December / January (29 days)

Shevat - January / February (30 days)

AdararNisan - March / April (30 days)

Iyar - April / May (29 days)

Siwan - May / June (30 days)

Tamus - June / July (29 days)

Aw - July / August (30 days)

Elul - August / September (29 days)

The Jewish worship

- the Orthodox and Conservative communities are only for men zugänglich

-> der Gottesdienst kann nur stattfinden, wenn der Minjan (d. h. die Anzahl von zehn beschnittenen Männern)

- in der Reformgemeinde dürfen auch Frauen am Gottesdienst teilnehmen und werden zum Minjan dazugezählt

Der Ablauf des Gottesdienstes unterscheidet sich von Gemeinde zu Gemeinde. Die Wochenlesungen sind in acht Teile aufgeteilt. Ein Gemeindemitglied wird auf die Bima gerufen und muss Eine Segensformel sprechen, dann wird der Abschnitt gelesen. Nachdem er den Abschnitt gelesen hat, spricht er nochmals einen Segen. Die erste Person, welche aufgerufen wird, to do this is a Kohen (descendant of Aaron the High Priest), the second person Levit (descendant of the third son of Leah and Jacob), the rest fall into the third category Israelites. In Israel, noted on the birth certificate if you belong to the Kohen, the Levite or the Israelites

source : (http / / www.staff .uni / marburg.de / ~ terno / judaism / index / html ablauf.html)

David Stern : ( http://www.stauff.de/matgesch/ bilder/davidstern3.gif )

Torra ( http://www.kircheliebenscheid.de/1323.jpg )

synagogue : (-bonn www2.kah .de/.../synagogen/p/muenchen01.jpg)

Author: Anna Bell Moule, Franziska Lang, Daniel Kuhn, Michael Köhler

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Pope John 23 ->

Synagoge und Kirche:von der Verfolgung zum geschwisterlichen Miteinander

Auf dem Weg zum Miteinander

Pope Paul6 was

Second Vatican Council (Jasper Voss)
On January 25, Pope John known 23 17 cardinals in the Chapter House Partiarchalbbasilika St. Paul, that he intended to convene a council for the universal Church, which aims to "renewal", "greater clarity of thought" and "strengthening the bond of unity" should be.

The news of the convocation of the Council has taken the world with great interest and even enthusiasm. Not thrilled with the plans and specifications of context, however, was much of the Kurienkardinäle. This befürchteten eine Aushöhlung der kirchlichen Lehre durch die Anpassung an den gerade herrschenden Zeitgeist. Die kuriale Opposition versuchte deswegen, auf die Pläne und Inhalte des Konzils größtmöglichen Einfluss zu nehmen. Da Johannes XXIII. bereits 78 Jahre alt war, spielten sie vor allem auf Zeit.

Es wurde in vier Sitzungsperioden jeweils im Herbst mit insgesamt 178 Treffen zwischen Oktober 1962 und Dezember 1965 abgehalten .Von den 2908 Bischöfen und anderen Konzilsvätern nahmen 2540 teil .Es befasst sich in einer ausführlichen Erklärung mit der Geschichte von Christen und Juden die Religionsfreiheit , die rollen der Laien in der Kirche , die Reform der Liturgie , die Beziehungen zu Nichtchristen , der Dienst and the life of the priests and the training of priests and bishops. At the Council 16 texts were written by which especially the Constitution on Divine Revelation, entitled "Dei Verbum", "God's Word" of 18 November 1965 and those obtained on the meaning. After the death of Pope John 23, the Council by Pope Paul 6 was continued and completed.
.

anti-Semitism (Flo)
anti-Semitism is a sweeping rejection of Jews from different motives. Synonym for this is now also used the term anti-Semitism, which since 1879 a special nationalist and racist hatred of Jews called.
Jews were and are for more than 2000 years throughout the world many times - exposed to hostility, oppression, discrimination, persecution, pogroms, expulsion and murder - especially in Europe.

( Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitismus )

anti-Semitism and 1945

were already in the ancient Jews for their monotheism (Einglottglaubens) of the great empires of antiquity suppressed, who believed in multiple gods (polytheism).

In the Middle Ages they were responsible for everything bad made, for example: they were accused of causing the plague haben.Oft they also had some clothing, as Jews to be seen to always.

The largest systematic persecution happened in the Third Reich from 1933-1945.Sie were labeled as sub-human parasites and enemies of the Third Reich. About six million Jews were killed at the time of National Socialism. Alone in the extermination camp Auschwitz were killed 1.5 million Jews.

The entrance to the Auschwitz-Birkenau.Es was the largest German death camp at the time of National Socialism.

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/de/3/34/KZ_Birkenau_Hauptgebठude_320x240.jpg

anti-Semitism after 1945

anti-Judaism, racism and anti-Semitism since the Second World War not overcome. They exist as latent, activatable flow further into crisis in Germany and other countries and show up again lately verstärkt.Alles Jewish inevitably reminded of the "German deed" Auschwitz and is thus the desired "national identity" in the path. This in turn calls forth renewed aggression against the Jews, especially when Jews did not explicitly claim the memory of Auschwitz.

(Information from: Wikipedia, coding C / page 26ff, www.shoa.de, www.dash.de)

Source: PapstJohannes23 http://www.panixx.de/johannesxxiii/johannesXXIII_bilder/018_01todgeweiht . jpg
Quelle:PapstPaul6 http://www.ada1986.de/falschsignaturen/drucke/Papst_Paul_6.jpg

Besinnung auf das gemeinsame Fundament(martin+danielle)


Das Konzil erinnert daran, dass im „Alten Testament“ ein bestimmter Teil der Bibel,
den die Juden „die Schrift“ nennen , wahre Gottesoffenbarung und Gotteserfahrung vorliegen. Die Bischofsversammlung erinnert weiterhin daran, dass sowohl Jesus von Nazaret selbst wie auch seine Eltern und die Apostel und ersten Glaubenszeugen jüdische „Blutsverwandte“ waren. Somit braucht das Christentum, um sich seiner eigenen Identität zu vergewissern, den Views of and contact with his Jewish sisters and brothers in faith.

effect

The theological science found itself called upon to work out the Jewish roots of church and preaching more.
Pope John Paul II was in words and deeds, an exemplary role in Christianity - a Jewish dialogue. In 1986 he attended the first pope to a synagogue in Rome in 1988 was followed by his visit to synagogue in Strasbourg. In 1994, he complained in his apostolic letter "Tertio Millennio Adveniente" in preparation for the 2000 that even in the church again "Sons and Daughters" behaved in such a way "that they place in the world eines an den Werten des Glaubens inspirierten Lebenszeugnisses den Anblick von Denk- und Handlungsweisen boten, die geradezu Formen eines Gegenzeugnisses und Skandals darstellten“.


Ausblick

Die im Judentum und im Christentum aufgezeigten Heilswege markieren eine fruchtbare Spannung, wenn sie in Begegnung und Dialog von wechselseitigem Respekt vor dem jeweiligen Glaubenszeugnis geprägt sind. Letztlich bleibt es ein Geheimnis im Heilsplan Gottes - dieses Nebeneinander und zugleich Miteinander von Juden und Christen.Die Erinnerung an das gemeinsame biblische Erbe könnte Judentum und Christentum ermutigen, einen gemeinsamen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der großen Fragen und Probleme der Gegenwart zu leisten. Die gemeinsame Interpretation of the world and the people in it could be a creation that does not oppose the ideology of the possible and countable. That man with all the necessary work and power ultimately from the uncontrollable and given lives, that is despite various normalization his freedom an unsurpassable Good - this is reflected in the long common Judeo-Christian tradition and its biblical foundations. That transfer the task to the graces received ethical contract to design and conservation of the world as the habitat of the people must also connects the religions in the footsteps of Abraham. The memory of the oppressed and persecuted in the past and present, of the victims of Violence and inhumanity to the prophets of Scripture common obligation. With all due pride at their achievement, human and religious institutions, including all times be subject to the eschatological salvation are still outstanding, even this recognition is owed to the biblical history of salvation.
could be introduced into the encounter between Judaism and Christianity, which has received following the declaration "Nostra Aetate," a previously not considered possible dynamics and intensification, a model for dealing with all religions. This gave the meeting also sign character to deal with each other and all people would be therefore an important step towards a comprehensive "Shalom" to a peaceful God and philanthropic world.